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PW01-177 - Jumping To Conclusions In Psychotic Patients: A Comparison With Siblings And Healthy Controls
- M.L. Barrigon, J.L. Rubio, M. Ruiz-Veguilla, L. Hernández, M. Ferrin, M.D. Salcedo, J.M. Moreno, Neurodevelopmental Psychiatry Research Uni
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 25 / Issue S1 / 2010
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 17 April 2020, 25-E1584
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Objectives
To explore a cognitive bias-Jumping to Conclusions-in patients with schizophrenia and to compare with non-psychotic siblings and healthy controls by means of the Picture Decision Task (PDT).
Methods42 patients with schizophrenia, 20 non-psychotic siblings and 77 healthy controls were compared in the PCT. This task consists of showing drawings of common objects that are displayed on a computer screen in decreasing degrees of fragmentation: new features are added in eight successive stages, until the entire object is eventually manifest. There are two kinds of trials (“cued” and “uncued”; that is, with and without interpretative clues). According to the responses, five parameters were calculated: Jumping To Conclusions at first stage-that is, with the very first drawing-(JTC-1), Plausibility Rating at first stage (PR-1), Draws To Decision (DTD), Time Response at first stage (TR-1) and Time Response for Draw to Decision (TR-DTD)
ResultsIn comparison with siblings and controls, more of the schizophrenia patients made a definitive decision at the first stage (represented by a significantly higher JTC-1), and they showed a higher Plausibility Rating (represented by a higher PR-1) than siblings and controls. For the uncued trials, patients needed fewer stages (a lower DTD) when making a decision than siblings (5.53±0.20 vs. 7.04±0.28; p=0.001) and controls (5.53±0.20 vs. 6.83±0.14; p=0.001).
ConclusionsThese results suggest that patients make quick decisions with a high level of conviction and may manifest a data-gathering bias. Our results may indicate some degree of faulty appraisal and an inability to tolerate ambiguity when faced with decision-making.
Role of alcohol use in suicidal behavior in public places
- E. Baca-Garcia, M. Barrigon, F. Cegla Schvartzman, A. Sedano-Capdevila, L. Villoria-Borrego, M. Sanchez-Alonso
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 41 / Issue S1 / April 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 23 March 2020, p. s884
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Introduction
Suicide in public places is a relatively common emergency in which alcohol use could be a factor involved.
MethodsA total of 169 patients were attended for SB in Madrid public places by SAMUR (Municipal assistance service for emergency and rescue) and transferred to FJD emergency room where all of them were assessed by the psychiatrist on duty. For all (but 47 of them), blood alcohol level was measured and other variables were collected: age, sex, history of suicide attempt and characteristic of the attempt. A descriptive analysis was made and then differences between those using alcohol and those not was made.
ResultsOur sample comprises 169 patients, 40.2% woman and 59.8% man (median age = 39.36 years). Alcohol was measured in 122 patients, being positive in 52.4% (median alcohol level = 95.09 mg/dL). We found that 64.6% of man had consumed alcohol against the 30.2% of women (P = 0.000). 64.8% of alcohol users were discharged, against the 35.2% that not users. We admitted 28.1% of the alcohol users and 56.8% of the non-users (P = 0.007). We did not found statistically significance differences when compared patients that consumed against patients who did not regarding previous attempts, behavior (ideation, intent, non suicidal self-harm) and method.
ConclusionsWhen assessed SB, we found that most of the patients were man under the alcohol influence and most of them were discharged after being evaluated. The data does not reflect the seriousness of the SB, which opens the possibility of correlating the levels of alcohol with suicidal risk.
Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Randomized control trial to assess the efficacy of metacognitive training compared with a psycho-educational group in people with a recent-onset psychosis
- S. Ochoa, R. López-Carrilero, M. L. Barrigón, E. Pousa, A. Barajas, E. Lorente-Rovira, F. González-Higueras, E. Grasa, I. Ruiz-Delgado, J. Cid, I. Birulés, I. Esteban-Pinos, R. Casañas, A. Luengo, P. Torres-Hernández, I. Corripio, M. Montes-Gámez, M. Beltran, A. De Apraiz, L. Domínguez-Sánchez, E. Sánchez, B. Llacer, T. Pélaez, J. L. Bogas, S. Moritz, the Spanish Metacognition Study Group
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 47 / Issue 9 / July 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 07 February 2017, pp. 1573-1584
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Background
Aims were to assess the efficacy of metacognitive training (MCT) in people with a recent onset of psychosis in terms of symptoms as a primary outcome and metacognitive variables as a secondary outcome.
MethodA multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial was performed. A total of 126 patients were randomized to an MCT or a psycho-educational intervention with cognitive-behavioral elements. The sample was composed of people with a recent onset of psychosis, recruited from nine public centers in Spain. The treatment consisted of eight weekly sessions for both groups. Patients were assessed at three time-points: baseline, post-treatment, and at 6 months follow-up. The evaluator was blinded to the condition of the patient. Symptoms were assessed with the PANSS and metacognition was assessed with a battery of questionnaires of cognitive biases and social cognition.
ResultsBoth MCT and psycho-educational groups had improved symptoms post-treatment and at follow-up, with greater improvements in the MCT group. The MCT group was superior to the psycho-educational group on the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) total (p = 0.026) and self-certainty (p = 0.035) and dependence self-subscale of irrational beliefs, comparing baseline and post-treatment. Moreover, comparing baseline and follow-up, the MCT group was better than the psycho-educational group in self-reflectiveness on the BCIS (p = 0.047), total BCIS (p = 0.045), and intolerance to frustration (p = 0.014). Jumping to Conclusions (JTC) improved more in the MCT group than the psycho-educational group (p = 0.021). Regarding the comparison within each group, Theory of Mind (ToM), Personalizing Bias, and other subscales of irrational beliefs improved in the MCT group but not the psycho-educational group (p < 0.001–0.032).
ConclusionsMCT could be an effective psychological intervention for people with recent onset of psychosis in order to improve cognitive insight, JTC, and tolerance to frustration. It seems that MCT could be useful to improve symptoms, ToM, and personalizing bias.
Suicide mortality trends in Galicia, Spain and their relationship with economic indicators
- P. Fernández-Navarro, M. L. Barrigón, J. Lopez-Castroman, M. Sanchez-Alonso, M. Páramo, M. Serrano, M. Arrojo, E. Baca-García
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- Journal:
- Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences / Volume 25 / Issue 5 / October 2016
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 September 2015, pp. 475-484
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Background.
Recent research has shown an association between unemployment and suicide, but the mediating factors in this relationship are still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of unemployment and economic recession on suicide rates in the Spanish region of Galicia between 1975 and 2012
Method.We analysed age-standardised suicide rates in men and women and in four age groups: less than 25 years, 25–45 years, 45–65 years and more than 65 years and performed a joinpoint analysis to determine trend changes throughout 1975–2012 period. Also we analysed the association between suicide, recession and unemployment by means of a temporal trend model with a Generalised Additive Model.
Results.Suicide rates increased from 145 suicides in 1975 to a high in 1993, with 377 deaths by suicide, representing 1.38% of all causes of death, and thereafter they tend to decrease to 335 suicides in 2012. Joinpoint analyses revealed that suicide rates changed differently across sex and age groups. For men, the annual percentage of change (APC) between 1975 and 1988 (CI 95% 1986–1994) was 5.45 (CI 95% = 3.5, −7.2) but from 1988 the APC became negative [−0.66 (CI 95% = −1.3, −0.1)]. For women, APC between 1974 and 1990 (CI 95% 1986–1992) was 4.86 (CI 95% = 3.2, −6.4) and −1.46 subsequently (CI 95% = −2.2, −0.5). Women aged 24 years or less showed stable suicide rates while men from 45–65 years showed two incidence peaks. When we studied the independent correlation between unemployment, recession and suicide, we found a significant association between unemployment and suicide, but not between recession and suicide for both sexes together and for men while for women there was no significant correlation between suicide and unemployment or recession. Finally, when we studied the effect of the interaction between unemployment and recession on suicide we found economic recession and unemployment interacted with regards to suicide rates (F = 5.902; df = 4.167; p = 0.00098) and after adjusting by sex, the effect was confirmed among men (F = 4.827; df = 2.823; p = 0.0087), but not among women (F = 0.001; df = 1.000; p = 0.979).
Conclusions.Although suicide rates in Galicia are gradually decreasing in the last decades, there are important sex and age differences. Unemployment was related with suicide during economic recession periods according to our results.